A reduction in the number of Ukrainians living and working in Poland could cost the country billions of zlotys in lost budget revenue. Calculations show that every 10,000 Ukrainians leaving means hundreds of millions of zlotys in lost revenue annually, while the departure of 100–300 thousand working Ukrainians would translate into losses in the billions.
How much Ukrainians contribute to the Polish economy
According to research, in 2024 Ukrainians brought billions of zlotys to the Polish economy and budget in taxes and contributions. Meanwhile, the state’s spending on social benefits for Ukrainians was significantly lower than these revenues. Ukrainians in Poland are not merely benefit recipients — they are hundreds of thousands of workers and taxpayers who spend money in Polish shops and use services, effectively participating in the entire economy.
Why people are leaving
The number of Ukrainians living and working in Poland is gradually declining. Some return to Ukraine, others move to Germany, the Netherlands, and other EU countries. The reasons include salaries, working conditions, opportunities for regularisation, and attitudes towards foreigners. If someone feels unwanted here but can get better conditions in another EU country, they will eventually leave.
Which sectors face labour shortages
Ukrainians work in manufacturing, logistics, construction, services, healthcare, and other sectors where Poland already faces labour shortages. When there are fewer workers, employers must raise wages, cut production, or seek workers from other countries. This affects both prices and the pace of economic development.
Consequences for the pension system
When more people pay contributions, the pension and social system receives more money to fund pensions, healthcare, and social programmes. Mass worker emigration creates additional budget pressure by reducing these contributions. This is why anti-Ukrainian rhetoric could become a problem not only for Ukrainians themselves, but also for Poland.
Mutual benefit instead of confrontation
Poland helped Ukraine and Ukrainians during their most difficult period, and Ukrainians are grateful for this. At the same time, Ukrainians working in Poland contribute to the Polish economy: they work, pay taxes, start businesses, and create demand for Polish goods and services. A healthy approach means mutual benefit, not setting people against each other. Whether Ukrainian emigration from Poland continues remains to be seen, but for any country, mass emigration of workers and taxpayers cannot be good news.
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