Who gets Irish citizenship: naturalisation statistics 2016–2025
Who gets an Irish passport through naturalisation: top-20 countries, figures for India, Poland and Ukraine. Real numbers including children of citizens.
VisaProAdviserVisas, migration and life abroad
Practical life for Ukrainians across Europe: insurance in Germany, pension contributions in Poland, document checks in Ireland, Hungary's asylum for men.
11 articles tagged Ukrainians in Europe
Who gets an Irish passport through naturalisation: top-20 countries, figures for India, Poland and Ukraine. Real numbers including children of citizens.
The PUP grant equals six times Poland's average wage — about 55,400 PLN in Łódź. Guarantor rules, allowed spending and deadlines as of September 2026.
901,018 Ukrainians are insured with ZUS — 67% of all foreigners in the fund. How their contributions offset the drop in Polish payers, data as of September 2026.
Polish household debt hit a record 800 billion zloty as borrower numbers fell. Over 350,000 foreigners, mostly Ukrainians, now hold mortgages and loans there.
Poland's tax office received a record number of anonymous tip-offs in H1 2026. Up to 85% of reports in some cities turn out to be false. Who files them, and why.
What three types of insurance Ukrainians should consider in Germany: liability coverage, property insurance, and legal protection insurance.
Since 2022 several million Ukrainians have lived in EU countries, with the largest communities in Germany and Poland. They work, pay taxes and social contributions, and their presence is visible in labour markets and pension systems.
At the same time rules keep changing, from checks on men's documents to limits on how temporary protection counts toward long-term status.
The largest numbers of temporary protection holders live in Germany, Poland and Czechia, and Czechia hosts the most relative to its population. Studies in Poland have found that Ukrainians pay more in taxes and social contributions than the state spends on aid for them. Ukrainians have equal access to the labour market but often work below their qualifications because of language barriers and unrecognised diplomas. The rise of right-wing parties and war fatigue are changing the debate on benefits and housing for refugees.